McMurdo Dry Valley, the largest snow-free region in Antarctica located 
on the shore of McMurdo Sound, 2,200 miles (3,500 km) due south of New 
Zealand. The region is a windswept, frozen desert whose rugged terrain 
looks as if it belongs on Pluto rather than our planet. Covering 9,300 
square miles (15,000 square kilometers), its valleys were carved by 
glaciers that long ago retreated, leaving in their wake a broken layer 
of boulders, gravel and pebbles, all of which have been worn down by the
 harsh weather and sorted by the strong winds. 
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| Image : Universal History Archive/UIG via Getty Images | 
The surface contains deposits of marine sediments, in addition to sand 
dunes and ash, and covers a layer of soil that's millions of years old. 
Scientists like the Dry Valleys because the lack of ice makes it easier 
for them to get a look at the current geological processes affecting 
Antarctica. McMurdo Dry Valley also known for Blood Falls, an outflow of an iron oxide-tainted plume of saltwater.
Source : howstuffworks.com
 
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