Kandovan is a famous tourist village located in the northern Iranian
mountain-side, near the cities Osku and Tabriz. It is known for its
uniqueness that comes from the fact that many of its homes have been
made in caves located in cone-shaped rock-formation.
In this unique village, the homes are not just built on the mountain,
they are carved into it. Built out of volcanic ash and debris spewed
during an eruption of Mount Sahand, these rocky structures were
compressed and shaped by natural forces into cone-shaped pillars
containing pockets. They have been eroded by the elements over the years
into their current shapes.
Houses carved inside rocks are so peculiar. Some of these houses are at
least 700 years old and still inhabited. Most of the houses are two to
four storeys high. It is said the first inhabitants came to Kandovan to
escape the invading Mongols. They dug hideouts in the giant volcanic
cliffs and remained here even after the danger was over. Their hiding
places slowly became complex houses complete with kitchens, hallways and
bedrooms.
The main occupations of Kandovan villagers are agriculture and sheep
herding, but the main income of most of the inhabitants comes from
tourism. They have realized the potential of their old homes and learned
to live their lives surrounded by travelers from all around the world.
Local residents say that the homes are not only strong but also
unusually ‘energy efficient’: These homes require minimal supplemental
heat during the long cold season and remain cool in the summer. 'Kando'
means 'a bee’s hive’, and this is how Kandovan got its name.
Source :- http://www.unbelievableinfo.com/2013/11/kandovam.html
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